Cleaning system for milking cups

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a cleaning system for milking cups, said cleaning system comprising a dispensing device into which at least two different cleaning fluids can be introduced inside the milking cup, in such a way as to enable an efficient intermediate disinfection between individual milking processes.

The present invention relates to the milking of dairy cattle using dairyutensils with several milking cups, wherein the milking cups are inparticular cleaned or disinfected between the individual milkingprocesses.

With the increase in globalization of agricultural markets, ever greaterdemands are placed on producers of milk and milk products. On the onehand, the milk has to be produced as inexpensively as possible, on theother hand, however, the high quality of the milk must be maintained. Topermit the production of large quantities of milk in an agriculturalbusiness, all-automatic or semiautomatic milking plants are employed,such that a plurality of animals can be milked at moderately lowpersonnel costs. While all-automatic milking plants, so-called milkingrobots, offer the possibility of severely reducing the number ofpersonnel required for the production of milk, as in principle thecomplete milking operation can be run automatically, the extremely highpurchase costs as well as the efforts as regards the maintenance of theall-automatic system are important viewpoints that make the introductionof all-automatic plants, in particular in small and medium-sizedagricultural businesses, appear disadvantageous. Therefore,semiautomatic milking plants are operated in many businesses wherecertain operations during the milking process are performed manually,where in particular the placing of the milking cups at the teats of theanimals is carried out manually.

The milking process itself is normally performed such that a milk flowfrom the teat into the milking cup is initiated by generating a certainvacuum in a milking cup; and the obtained milk is then discharged fromthe milking cup into a corresponding collecting line. Since theintroduction of automatic and semiautomatic milking plants inagricultural businesses, many efforts have been made to ensure anoperation of milking plants as efficient as possible as it is extremelyimportant for a permanently high yield to carry out a milking operationby means of the automatic milking plant that resembles the naturalsucking of the calf at the udder of the dam. That means, in theautomated or semi-automated milking process, on the one hand a lowdegree of intervention by an operator should be necessary to thus keepthe proportion of personnel expenses in an agricultural business as lowas possible, on the other hand, however, a high degree of “naturalness”of the automated milking process is to be ensured. It shows that apermanently high yield of dairy cattle can normally only be ensured if ahigh yield of milking is achieved over the whole year as then themilk-producing cells, i.e. the alveoles, are enduringly stimulated tocontinuously produce milk. For this, it is normally necessary to observecertain physiological aspects, for example sufficient stimulation,appropriate pressure ratios at the teat as well as a certain degree ofhygiene. Thus, already the milking process itself can determine thequantity and quality of the milk. That means, with an optimal adaptationof the mechanical milking process to the physiological conditions of thedairy cattle, permanent health of the udder can be achieved which inturn is a precondition for achieving a high yield of high-quality milkin the long run. For example, a sufficiently high degree of milkingyield is an essential aspect not only for the total quantity of milkproduced, but also for the quality of the milk, as in particular thegermination index of the milk can be clearly reduced in the long run byan efficient milking process.

Apart from the many physiological aspects to be considered in themechanical milking process, there are, however, also hygienicrequirements decisive for the quality of the milk. For example, even insmall- and medium-sized agricultural businesses, a plurality of dairycattle is milked using the same dairy utensils. In this case, it is ofparticular importance to restrict or prevent the transmission of germsfrom one animal to another one, if possible, so that a high degree ofanimal health is ensured even with large live stock. For example, thelegislative body in the various countries provides correspondingregulations anchored in so-called milk rules which are to ensure acorresponding standard of hygiene. The observation of these standards ofhygiene, however, is not only important with respect to the compliancewith the legal requirements, but in the long run also results in betteranimal health and thus in a higher milk yield. Therefore, a plurality ofsystems and methods are employed in order to clean and disinfect themilking cups between the individual milking processes, where, however,the efficiency of these devices and methods is partly very restricted inpractical conditions. For example, for certain cleaning liquids, such asperacetic acid, a certain minimum application time is required, so thatthe desired disinfecting effect is achieved. On the other hand, acleaning process that lasts too long can result in a clear loss of thetotal efficiency of the milking plant. Moreover, the contact of thecleaning liquids with the produced milk should be avoided if possible toprevent the introduction of foreign substances into the milk. Inparticular in semiautomatic milking plants, the efficiency and qualityof the corresponding cleaning and disinfection process in particulardepends on the corresponding operator of the milking plant as in suchplants, for example, the quality and composition of the disinfectant andthe cleaning liquids, the application time and the like can beinfluenced by the corresponding operator. Under such conditions, it isoften difficult to maintain the conditions favorable for the milkingprocess and the quality of the milk, or the specified legal requirementsare not completely met. For example, on the European market, a cleaningprocedure after individual milking processes is prescribed in which,after the removal of the milking cups, first a rinsing process withwater, then an application of peracetic acid and then again a rinsingprocess with water must be performed. Moreover, a certain minimumapplication time of the peracetic acid must be observed to thus achievethe desired disinfecting effect. To realize these legal requirements,for example various cleaning systems are employed, some of which,however, have a low efficacy. For example, in large agriculturalbusinesses, so-called passage baths are employed in which the milkingcups are pulled through corresponding liquid baths after the milkingprocess, so that milking cups are first pulled through a water bath,followed by a peracetic acid bath, and normally a water bath followssubsequently. However, in such an arrangement, the cleaning liquidsthemselves can be heavily contaminated, as in particular after severalcleaning processes, corresponding impurities that can attach to theouter surfaces of the milking cups are introduced into the correspondingcleaning baths. The contamination of the cleaning liquids continuouslyincreasing thereby thus can lead to a severely reduced disinfectioneffect or can even result in increased germ contamination. On the otherhand, a frequent replacement of the cleaning liquids requires a highadditional amount of work as well as a high quantity of disinfectants.In other semiautomatic milking plants, the corresponding cleaningprocess is performed manually, so that efficiency and duration of thecorresponding cleaning process can depend on the corresponding person,the current conditions and the like. Thus, a permanently high qualityand reliability of the corresponding cleaning process is possibly notensured, in particular if there is a high work load as well as a varyingdegree of education of the corresponding qualified personnel.

Therefore, there is a demand, in the automated or semi-automated milkingprocess, to improve the cleaning and disinfection, respectively, ofmilking cups, such that high efficiency and constant quality of thecleaning process are achieved.

According to one aspect of the present invention, this object isachieved by a cleaning system for milking cups. The cleaning systemaccording to the invention comprises a mounting for receiving at least aportion of a milking cup containing an opening for introducing a teat.Furthermore, a fluid dispensing device is provided in the cleaningsystem which is designed to introduce a first cleaning fluid from afirst fluid source and a second cleaning fluid from a second fluidsource of the milking cup into the opening.

The cleaning system embodied according to the invention thus permits tointroduce at least two different cleaning fluids through a dispensingdevice into the milking cups, so that this provides the possibility ofperforming an efficient cleaning and disinfection sequence. The supplyof two cleaning fluids by means of one single fluid dispensing devicethus permits a high degree of efficiency and reproducibility of thesupply of a corresponding cleaning fluid, for example water, peraceticacid and the like, as each milking cup can be arranged at a certaincleaning position at which then the cleaning fluids can be suppliedcorresponding to a desired sequence and with a desired quantity andapplication time. Thus, by the provision of a fluid dispensing devicethat can introduce different cleaning fluids into the milking cups, ahigh degree of flexibility for establishing a suited cleaning anddisinfection sequence is achieved, where the required operations for thehandling of the milking cups and the space required for the applicationof cleaning fluids are kept low.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a supply line connected to thefluid dispensing device with a first feed line in communication with thefirst fluid source via a first valve means, and a second feed line incommunication with the second fluid source via a second valve means, isprovided.

This embodiment of the cleaning system ensures an individual control ofthe quantity of the individual cleaning liquids and/or gases, where bythe corresponding feed lines and valve means, a desired controllabledecoupling from the dispensing device is possible. Thereby, however, acorresponding reverse effect of the fluid dispensing device on thecorresponding fluid sources is clearly reduced, so that there theintegrity of the cleaning fluids with respect to a possiblecontamination is ensured, while it is simultaneously permitted toprovide a required minimum amount of cleaning fluid per sequence withoutthe cleaning process being influenced by varying compositions of thecleaning solution or a varying quantity of liquid. In this manner,constant operational conditions for the cleaning sequence can bemaintained at any time.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the fluid dispensing devicecomprises an outlet that can be fed by the first and second fluidsources. With this structure, the volume requirement of the fluiddispensing device as well as the complexity thereof can be kept very lowas one single outlet, for example in the form of an injection nozzleetc., can be used for several types of cleaning fluids. Simultaneously,there is the possibility of using one of the cleaning fluids, forexample in the form of water, for cleaning the outlet, to therebyefficiently remove residues of the disinfectant, for example peraceticacid, from the region of the outlet, if required, if, for example, thecleaning system itself must be cleaned.

In a further illustrative embodiment, the fluid dispensing devicecomprises a first outlet that can be fed by the first fluid source, anda second outlet that can be fed by the second fluid source. In thismanner, a high degree of flexibility in designing the cleaning sequenceis ensured, as both cleaning fluids can be independently introduced intothe milking cups in any arbitrary sequence, duration and quantity. Here,the outlets can be arranged in a suited manner such that an efficientwetting of the interior of the milking cup can be achieved for bothcleaning fluids. In some illustrative embodiments, several correspondingoutlets are provided, where one set of outlets is fed by the first fluidsource, while another set of outlets is fed by the second fluid source.Here, the arrangement as well as the dimensioning of the correspondingoutlets can be appropriately adjusted to thus achieve a desired type ofwetting and a penetration depth into the milking cup.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the cleaning system furthercomprises a control means designed to control the supply of the firstand the second cleaning fluids to the fluid dispensing device. Byproviding the control means, the efficiency and degree of automation ofthe corresponding cleaning and disinfection sequence can be handled veryflexibly. For example, corresponding predetermined chronologicalsequences can be implemented in the control means to thus precisely andreproducibly perform a corresponding cleaning process after each milkingprocess. In this manner, the high degree of variability, as it occursdue to operator-assisted cleaning sequences, can be clearly reduced,where simultaneously the corresponding conditions in the individualcleaning process or over lengthy operating phases can be adapted to thecurrent conditions, if required. If for example a higher contaminationof the milking cups is expected or detected, one can react by calling ina suited sequence, followed by a corresponding reaction on the basis ofreproducible control sequences.

In one advantageous embodiment, the control means is designed toinitiate the supply of the first and the second cleaning fluids inchronological sequence. As already illustrated, a sequence for supplyingseveral cleaning fluids determined by legal provisions is oftenrequired, so that a corresponding time schedule can be set up in thecontrol means. In particular due to the successive discharge of thevarious cleaning fluids, on the one hand efficient disinfection can beachieved, while at the same time the corresponding quantities of thecleaning fluids can be provided in a precise and reproducible way. Thus,for example by the successive supply of the first and the secondcleaning fluids, not only the quantity can be apportioned in a suitedmanner, but the respective application time can also be appropriatelycontrolled, such that, for example, one cleaning sequence can be set inthe control means which reliably and reproducibly ensures the supply ofwater, the subsequent supply of a disinfectant, for example peraceticacid, with a correspondingly set application time, followed by a supplyof water, where altogether a low quantity of cleaning fluid issufficient and the space requirement for the corresponding cleaningsequence remains low.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the mounting for receiving aportion of the milking cup is provided in a chamber which is designed toaccommodate or maintain, respectively, a predetermined fluid level atleast during a predetermined operating phase. By the provision of thecorresponding chamber, the efficiency of the cleaning fluids as well astheir consumption can be further improved, as at least in some operatingphases of the cleaning process, a suited liquid level can be set andalso maintained, so that correspondingly wetted areas can veryintensively interact with the cleaning fluid. In this manner, thecorresponding cleaning fluid can act on the milking cup with highefficiency, where in some embodiments corresponding means are providedto lower the fluid level or completely remove the corresponding fluid ifrequired, while the required quantities of cleaning fluids neverthelessremain low compared to many conventional methods, and a correspondingcontamination of the cleaning fluids between the individual cleaningsequences is also kept low.

Preferably, a level limiting means is provided which is suited to limitthe fluid level in the chamber to a predetermined maximum level. In thismanner, the process conditions can be adjusted in a flexible andreproducible manner, without requiring an increased complexity of themilking plant. For example, during certain phases of the cleaningsequence, a defined quantity of rinsing liquid, for example water, canbe desirable, while the limiting means nevertheless ensures that at mosta maximum desired quantity is present in the corresponding chamber.Advantageously, the level limiting means can be designed such that themaximum level in the respective operating phase can be adjusted, sothat, depending on the operating mode, the corresponding degree ofwetting and the liquid quantity to be used are given by the currentmaximum level. If for example a higher degree of contamination ispresent, the level during rinsing and disinfecting can be generallyincreased and then, during the normal operating mode, lowered again, sothat the consumption of cleaning fluid can be reduced again.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a fluid dehumidification means isprovided which is designed to actively reduce the proportion of thefirst and/or the second fluid in the milking cup. Typically, it isadvantageous to efficiently remove the corresponding cleaning fluid fromthe milking cup after the introduction of the cleaning fluid and after adesired application time, to thus reduce an interaction of theindividual cleaning fluids as well as a possible effect on the milk. Bythe fluid dehumidification means according to the invention, theoperation of removing cleaning fluids can be actively supported, forexample by employing suited mechanisms, such as a flow of gas,mechanical movement and the like, to reduce the proportion of residualfluid in the milking cup.

In an advantageous embodiment, the fluid dehumidification meanscomprises an actuator means designed to move the milking cup uponapplication of the first or second cleaning fluid. By this mechanicalmovement, the wetting with the previously introduced cleaning fluid canbe thus reduced in a very efficient manner, so that the next processstep in the operation can be performed with a low influence by thepreviously introduced fluid. For example, the corresponding actuatormeans can be designed to release the milking cup from the mounting andto move it with an oscillating-like movement, so that the dripping offof the cleaning fluid is clearly supported.

In other embodiments, the dehumidification means can apply air or gas,for example nitrogen, to the milking cup, so that the proportion offluid in the milking cup is reduced before the next step. Thus, by anactive reduction of the fluid proportion, the period of the completeoperation can be clearly reduced without affecting the efficiency.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the cleaning system furthercomprises a spray means designed to wet at least a region of the outersurface of one or several milking cups with a cleaning agent. With acorresponding additional spray means, which can be operated for examplewith water or another suited cleaning agent, it can thereby also beaccomplished to reduce soiling at the outer surface of the milking cupswithout the occurrence of a severe contamination of the first and thesecond cleaning fluids introduced into the interior of the milking cupby the dispensing device. In this manner, it is possible to perform avery efficient complete cleaning and disinfection of the milking cups inthe intermediate phases of the milking process, where the outsidecleaning, the inside cleaning and the disinfection take place in a verysmall volume under clearly defined conditions.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a position sensor means isprovided which supplies a signal when the milking cup is positioned inthe mounting. In this manner, an efficient control of the positioningoperation itself, if the same is performed automatically, as well as ofthe further cleaning sequence can be achieved. For example, the signalof the sensor means can indicate the current position of the milkingcup, for example the signal can indicate whether the milking cup hasreached a desired operating position in the cleaning system.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the position sensor means isconnected to the control means, the control means controlling the supplyof the first and/or the second cleaning fluid in response to the signal.Thus, by the corresponding signal, for example the supply of the firstcleaning fluid can be initiated at the suited point in time, so that thewetting of the interior of the milking cup is achieved in a reliable andreproducible manner, without a portion of the fluid unnecessarilydraining or being distributed in the cleaning system without anyrelevant effect.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a vacuum control means is providedwhich is designed to control an operating vacuum in the milking cup. Thevacuum control means permits to coordinate the cleaning sequence withthe operating state of the milking cup in a suited manner. For example,it is typically necessary to interrupt the operating vacuum built up inthe milking cup during milking to thereby remove the milking cup fromthe teats after the milking process is terminated. Permanentdeactivation of the milking vacuum in the region of the milking cup,however, can lead to residual milk flowing out and then beingdistributed in an uncontrolled manner. However, thanks to the vacuumcontrol means, the operating vacuum can be selectively restored to thusprevent uncontrolled flowing out of residual milk as long as the milkingcup is not yet appropriately positioned in the mounting. The vacuumcontrol means is in particular advantageous in cooperation withcorresponding holding means for milking cups, in which these aremanually or automatically removed from the teats and held in a suitedmanner without bending of the corresponding milk hoses causing adeactivation of the milking vacuum in the region of the milking cups. Inthis case, the vacuum control means can adjust suited pressureconditions after the removal of the milking cups or after the milkingcups have automatically falling off, so that flowing out of residualmilk is essentially restricted to the region of the mounting, so thatthe residual milk can be removed in a defined manner, for example bymeans of water. Advantageously, the vacuum control means is designed tocontrol the operating pressure in the milking cup in response to thesignal of the position sensor means. In this manner, it can be reliablyensured that at least the major portion of the residual milk flows outin the mounting, no matter how long the positioning of the individualmilking cups in the mounting lasts.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the cleaning system furthercomprises a transport means designed to automatically position themilking cups in the mounting. In this manner, even in semiautomaticmilking plants, where a certain degree of manual operation is required,it will be accomplished to observe very exactly defined operationalconditions during the cleaning sequences between the individual milkingprocesses. In other embodiments, the cleaning system is designed suchthat even in case of a manual supply of the milking cups, acorresponding suited positioning of the individual milking cups isensured. For this, an essentially funnel-like opening can be providedsuch that during contact of the milking cups with the correspondingfunnel-like openings, a suited centering of the milking cups and thus apositioning in the mounting are effected. Thus, even with a merelymanual supply of the milking cups to the cleaning system, a high degreeof stability in view of the operational conditions and the cleaningsequence can be achieved due to the exact arrangement at the cleaningposition.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, a milking plantis provided, which provides dairy utensils with several milking cups anda vacuum means for providing a vacuum in the dairy utensils for suckingoff milk. Furthermore, a milk collecting means is provided and connectedto the dairy utensils and the vacuum means. Furthermore, a cleaningsystem is provided to clean milking cups, the cleaning system permittingthe supply of a first and a second cleaning fluid by means of a fluiddispensing device.

Thereby, the milking plant according to the invention also offers theadvantage of achieving a high degree of reliability and stability of theoperational conditions by the provision of two cleaning fluids by meansof one single dispensing device, as was already described above. In afurther advantageous embodiment, a holding means for the milking cups isfurthermore provided and designed to position the milking cups formanually placing the milking cups for the milking process. To this end,the holding means can be designed such that the individual milking cupsare essentially arranged horizontally, so that milking cups are to bemanually placed individually at a teat of the animal. This holding meansalso positions the milking cups, after the end of the milking process,in a suited manner, such that they can be very efficiently transferredto the corresponding cleaning system and positioned there in thecorresponding mounting. For example, a previously described transportmeans can be provided and connected to the holding means to therebyposition the holding means after a milking process relative to thecleaning system, such that the milking cups are automatically placed inthe mounting of the cleaning system. In this manner, a high degree ofautomation can be achieved even in semiautomatic milking plants, wherethen the complete process after the removal of the milking cups isessentially automated and thus standardized, so that constant conditionsand thus a constantly high efficiency of the cleaning and disinfectingprocess are achieved.

Advantageously, here the vacuum control means, as it is described, forexample, above, is designed such that the operating vacuum remainsactive during the positioning of the milking cups until these arepositioned in the mounting of the cleaning system. In this manner, aflowing out of the residual milk can be clearly reduced, so that theindividual components of the milking plant are only very slightly wettedby residual milk, so that the risk of germ formation in the milkingplant is clearly reduced.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, a method forcleaning milking cups is provided, wherein the method comprises, after afirst milking process, the successive wetting of a portion of theinterior of the milking cups with at least two different cleaning fluidsin a cleaning region that is the same for each of the two differentcleaning fluids, and the use of the cleaned milking cups for a secondmilking process.

As already illustrated above, by the provision of two different cleaningfluids at the same place of cleaning, a clear improvement with respectto the efficiency and throughput can be achieved, as on the one hand asmall volume of the cleaning system and thus short paths in the handlingof the milking cups are sufficient, as the means necessary for theintermediate disinfection can be provided at one position, while on theother hand there is also the possibility of creating very constantoperational conditions. This is in particular advantageous in connectionwith milking techniques where the milking cups are manually placedduring the milking process, so that in such systems on the one hand thedisadvantages of extreme automation and the investment and maintenancecosts involved can be reduced, while one nevertheless obtains a highdegree of automation, in particular with respect to an efficientintermediate disinfection of the milking cups. It is thus, for example,possible to supply, in a very efficient manner and only requiring littlespace, a first quantity of a first cleaning fluid, a second quantity ofthe second cleaning fluid, and subsequently a third quantity of thefirst cleaning fluid, to thereby achieve very efficient disinfection ofthe milking cups, where this can be in particular performed in accordwith the respective current provisions. It is furthermore possible toensure very efficient disinfection, where the quantity of thedisinfectants to be employed per cleaning process is relatively low. Forexample, about 0.1 to 0.5 liters of a cleaning fluid, for exampleperacetic acid, are sufficient to treat four milking cups of a commonmilking plant according to the requirements of the milk rules. Acorresponding cleaning sequence can be performed within 30 to 60seconds, so that the proportion of intermediate disinfection in thecomplete milking process remains low.

Further advantageous embodiments, objects and advantages of the presentinvention can be taken from the further detailed description as well asfrom the enclosed patent claims.

Further illustrative embodiments will now be described in greater detailwith reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein

FIG. 1 a schematically shows a cleaning system with a mounting forreceiving milking cups and a dispensing device for applying variouscleaning fluids to the interior of the milking cups according to anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 1 b shows a partial view of an outlet nozzle with several outletsaccording to an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 1 c shows a plan view of the nozzle of FIG. 1 b;

FIG. 1 d shows a schematic representation of a fluid dispensing devicewith portions of corresponding feed lines according to an illustrativeembodiment;

FIG. 1 e schematically shows a plan view of the cleaning system of FIG.1 a according to an illustrative embodiment, wherein a spray means isprovided to wet external areas of the milking cups;

FIG. 1 f schematically shows a cleaning system with a control means anda means for limiting the fluid level according to further illustrativeembodiments;

FIG. 1 g schematically shows a cleaning system in which a vacuum controlmeans for controlling the operating vacuum in the milking cup is shown;and

FIGS. 2 a and 2 b schematically show a milking plant with a cleaningsystem according to the invention, wherein a transport device isprovided to position milking cups in the cleaning system in an automatedway.

FIG. 1 a schematically shows a cleaning system 100 in which a mounting110 is provided and designed to receive one or several milking cups 120and hold it/them in position during a cleaning sequence on the basis ofat least two different cleaning fluids. The mounting 110 is, in oneillustrative embodiment, provided in the form of a chamber in which, ifrequired, a certain liquid level, for example in the form of water, canbe maintained. The mounting 110 is further advantageously designed suchthat the milking cups 120 can be received essentially with theircomplete volumes, i.e. across their total length, so that, if required,efficient rinsing and wetting essentially of the complete outer area ofthe milking cups 120 can be performed, if this is necessary. Forexample, during certain operating phases, for example during a finalcleaning after the termination of a plurality of individual milkingprocesses, it can be advantageous to remove corresponding soiling at thecomplete outer area of the milking cups 120. In other embodiments, themounting 110 can be designed such that at least the interior of themilking cups 120 is accessible for suited cleaning and disinfection,without essentially enclosing the complete outer area of the milkingcups 120 by the mounting 110.

Furthermore, in the cleaning system 100, one or several fluid dispensingdevices 130 are provided which are designed and arranged such that atleast a first cleaning fluid 131 and a second cleaning fluid 132, whichare obtained from corresponding fluid sources 131 a, 132 a, can bedispensed. That means, the one or the several dispensing devices 130 canintroduce at least the two cleaning fluids 131, 132 into the milkingcups 120, at least in a lower area thereof. In this manner, differentcleaning fluids can be applied to the milking cup 120 at one singlegiven cleaning position, while only little space is required. For this,in the represented embodiment, each of the dispensing devices 130 isprovided with a corresponding outlet 133 which can be connected to thefluid source 132 a via a corresponding feed line 132 b and an associatedvalve 132 c. Similarly, the outlet 133 can be connected to the fluidsource 131 a via a corresponding feed line 131 b and a correspondingvalve means 131 c, where a corresponding introduction of the cleaningfluids 132, 131 can be accomplished corresponding to the requirements ofthe cleaning process. By actuation of the corresponding valve elements132 c, 131 c, thus the quantity and point in time for wetting theinterior of the milking cups 130 can be selected; this can beaccomplished automatically as will be described more in detail below, orelse manually, if required. The efficiency, for example with respect tothe penetration depth of the corresponding cleaning liquid into themilking cup 120, can be appropriately controlled by appropriatelyselecting the pressure in the fluid sources 132 a, 131 a and/or thefunction of the valve means 132 c, 131 c, and/or the size and shape ofthe outlet 133. For example, the outlet 133 can be provided in the formof a nozzle, where by adjusting the pressure ratios in the correspondingfluid sources 132 a, 131 a, a wetting of the interior surfaces of themilking cup 120 can be achieved. If required, and if the mounting 110 iscorrespondingly designed, for example in the form of a tub withcorresponding walls and a controllable drain for liquid in the tub, asuited liquid level can be also adjusted in the mounting 110 duringcertain operating phases, if this is desired.

FIG. 1 b shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of thedispensing device 130, where one or several first outlets 133 a and oneor several second outlets 133 b are provided which are each incommunication with the corresponding fluid sources 131 a, 132 a via thecorresponding valve means 132 c, 131 c. In this manner, an interactionof the corresponding cleaning fluids can be clearly reduced even insidethe dispensing device 133, if required.

FIG. 1 c shows a schematic plan view of the dispensing device 133, whereseveral first outlets 133 a and several second outlets 133 b arearranged such that wetting of the milking cup 120 as isotropic aspossible is achieved for both types of fluids. That means, in therepresented embodiment, a first opening 133 a and a second opening 133 bare provided in the circumferential direction each adjacent to oneanother, so that a uniform discharge of the fluids 131, 132 is achieved.

FIG. 1 d schematically shows a side view of the dispensing device 130according to an embodiment in which corresponding connections 134 a, 134b are provided to connect the supplies 134 a, 134 b with the outlet 133via corresponding threaded joints 135 a, 135 b in a liquid-tight manner.For example, the connection 134 a can create, together with the threadedconnection 135 a, a liquid-tight connection to the basic body, in whichthe outlet 133 and the corresponding channel are designed, such that thefluid can reach the outlet 133 via appropriately positioned inlets (notshown) in the basic body. Furthermore, in the shown embodiment, a tub orchamber 136, respectively, is provided, which advantageously can alsohold a certain quantity of cleaning fluid if constant wetting ofcorresponding areas of the milking cup 120 is desired. In the shownembodiment, the corresponding elements are mechanically connected toeach other by threaded joints and corresponding seals, so that theindividual parts can be disassembled and for example cleaned, ifrequired. In other illustrative embodiments, one or several ones of thedescribed components can be provided as a unit, so that a correspondingmechanical manufacture can be inexpensively performed.

FIG. 1 e schematically shows a plan view of the cleaning system 100,where its dispensing devices 130 are provided in the mounting 110 tothus accommodate for example four milking cups at the same time.Furthermore, a spray means 140 is provided in the shown embodiment inwhich one or several outlets 141 are connected with a correspondingsource of cleaning agents to thus wet in particular outer areas of themilking cups with the cleaning agent, for example water. In this manner,an efficient cleaning of the outer surfaces of the milking cups 120 canbe performed, where in the shown embodiment thus the outer surfaces aswell as the internal spaces of the milking cups can be cleaned anddisinfected, while only one single cleaning position for each milkingcup 120 is provided.

During the operation of the cleaning system 100, the milking cups 130are approached to the mounting 110, which can be done automatically bymeans of a transport means, as will be illustrated more in detail below,or manually. When the milking cups 120 are being approached to themounting 130, by the partially funnel-like design of the holding means110, the milking cups 120 can be efficiently guided, as soon as there isa mechanical contact to the mounting 110. Thus, the milking cups 120 areessentially independently centered by the tapered shape of the mounting110 in the represented embodiments and guided to the correspondingcleaning position. In FIG. 1 a, the cleaning position of the milkingcups 120 is represented such that a distance to the bottom of themounting 110 remains, while in other embodiments, the milking cups arelowered to the bottom of the mounting 110. The dispensing device 130 canbe activated already before the milking cups have reached the finalcleaning position for dispensing a cleaning fluid. In other embodiments,the cleaning position that is to be understood as a position in whichthe dispensing device 130 applies cleaning fluids to the milking cups120 is changed during certain operating phases to permit more efficientwetting. For example, the vertical position of the milking cups 120 canbe varied to permit a varying penetration depth of the cleaning fluids.A corresponding variable vertical position can be achieved by suitedmeans, for example a transport means as will be described later.

In some illustrative embodiments, the spray means 140 (see FIG. 1 e) canbe activated already during the positioning process for the milking cups120 to thus already achieve efficient cleaning at the outer surface ofthe milking cups 120 across an extended longitudinal area. After orduring the positioning of the milking cups 120, these are thus arrangedsuch that at least a portion of the interior of the milking cups 120 canbe wetted with different cleaning fluids by means of the dispensingmeans 130. For example, by manual operation of the corresponding valvemeans 131 c, 132 c, a desired quantity and a desired type of cleaningfluid can be introduced via the dispensing device 130. In otherembodiments, at least after or also already during the positioning ofthe milking cups 120, a corresponding automated operation can beinitiated, so that a previously defined cleaning sequence takes placewithout manual intervention. For example, European requirements demandto first rinse the milking cups 120 with water after a terminatedmilking process, and to subsequently disinfect the milking cups withperacetic acid, where a required application time of the disinfectantalso has to be observed. Then, another rinsing process with water has tobe performed to efficiently remove the residues of the disinfectant. Inthe process, the application time as well as the quantity of thesupplied cleaning fluid can be efficiently controlled by means of thecleaning system 100, so that constant operational conditions aremaintained over a plurality of cleaning processes while correspondingregulations are met. In some embodiments, a corresponding cleaningsequence comprising at least the three above-mentioned steps can beperformed within a time window of 30 to 60 seconds, however, any otherarbitrary chronological sequences are also possible as required. Inparticular, on the basis of the cleaning system 100, a correspondingdynamic adaptation can take place, for example if more intensivecleaning is required. By means of the cleaning system 100 according tothe invention, the required disinfection between the individual milkingprocesses can be achieved, for example by supplying a quantity of 0.1 to0.5 liters of peracetic acid for four milking cups 120, where thecorresponding quantity of consumed cleaning fluid can be removed aftereach individual cleaning process, as will be illustrated more in detailbelow, so that each individual cleaning process can be performed on thebasis of an essentially uncontaminated freshly supplied cleaning fluid.Furthermore, if required, a corresponding disinfection of the cleaningsystem 100 itself can be even carried out if, for example, without themilking cups 120 being present, a corresponding cleaning liquid is heldin the mounting 110 or the same is applied by means of the dispensingmeans 130 and/or the spray means 140, if present, when no milking cups120 are positioned. In this manner, with a low proportion of cleaningagent, the contamination condition of the cleaning system 100 itself canbe kept at a desired level.

During individual steps of the cleaning or disinfecting process, anactive reduction of the quantity of the cleaning fluid(s) can be causedafter a desired application time, for example by mechanical movement ofthe milking cups 120 or the like, as will be described below more indetail.

FIG. 1 f schematically shows the cleaning system 100 according toanother illustrative embodiment in which a control means 150 is providedwhich is functionally connected to the valve means 132 c, 131 c to thuscontrol the supply of the corresponding cleaning fluid 132, 131. Inillustrative embodiments, a corresponding cleaning sequence can beimplemented in the control means 150, so that in a chronologicallycoordinated manner the corresponding fluid sources 132 a, 131 a areconnected to the corresponding dispensing devices 130, so that a desiredquantity of corresponding cleaning fluid is supplied. Furthermore, thecontrol means 150 can appropriately adjust the application time ofcorresponding cleaning fluids, where a fixed application time is givenin some illustrative embodiments, while in other illustrativeembodiments one or several parameter values are variable to dynamicallycontrol the application time and/or also the quantity of the suppliedcleaning fluids. For example, the cleaning system 100 can comprise acorresponding sensor means (not shown) which emits a signal depending onthe degree of contamination of the milking cups 120 positioned in thesystem 100 on the basis of which then the application time and/or thequantity is adjusted. In other illustrative embodiments, a selection ofdifferent cleaning programs can be implemented which can then be calledin selectively, for example by manual selection. By providing thecorresponding control means 150, thus a high degree of independence ofinfluences, for example of operating errors and the like, can beachieved.

In another illustrative embodiment, a means 160 is furthermore providedby which a desired level of a cleaning fluid can be held in the mounting110, if the same is designed in the form of a chamber or a tub. Forexample, the means 160 can comprise a reservoir 161 into which theconsumed cleaning fluid is introduced via a corresponding outlet line162. In some illustrative embodiments, the outlet line 162 can beprovided with a controllable valve means, so that corresponding liquidscan be drained in a controlled manner. In this manner, a suited liquidlevel can be adjusted which can be held at a desired level bycorresponding controlled draining of liquid. In other embodiments, theoutlet line 162 can be represented by an opening in the mounting 110,where the opening can then be sealed so as to be fluid-tight if amilking cup 120 is present. In other embodiments, an outlet line 163 canbe provided with a controllable valve means 163 c to keep the level inthe mounting 110 at a desired level, if required, where the valve means163 c can be actuated if in certain operating phases, for example duringfinal cleaning, a higher liquid level is desired. In other embodiments,the limiting means 160 can comprise other suited means, for example ariser etc., so that liquid drains into the reservoir 161 if an adjustedheight is exceeded. In particular, a sensor means, for example in theform of a pressure sensor, can be present to thereby obtain a signal inresponse to the filling height in the mounting 110 which can then beevaluated by the control means 150 to adjust the corresponding fillingheight by appropriately activating the valve means 163 c, for example.

For example, by the means 160, a desired liquid level in the cleaningsystem 100 can be maintained, where then, when the milking cups 120 arebeing positioned, the corresponding liquid can be discharged, togetherwith a corresponding quantity of residual liquid exiting from themilking cups 120, into the reservoir 161. Subsequently, the controlmeans 150 can then cause a suited cleaning sequence, where thecorresponding cleaning fluids can be held at a desired liquid level inthe mounting 110 by the means 160, if required. The beginning of acorresponding cleaning sequence can, in an illustrative embodiment, bedetermined on the basis of a sensor means 151 which can supply a signalto the control means 150 that depends on the positioning of the milkingcups 120 on the basis of which signal then suited control activities canbe caused. For example, the sensor means 151 can be a pressure sensitivesensor means, so that the presence of a milking cup 120 can be detected.In some illustrative embodiments, the sensor means 151 can be consultedfor detecting the level within the mounting 110 if no milking cup 120 ispresent. In other illustrative embodiments, the sensor means 151 can bedesigned in any other way to detect the presence of a milking cup 120.For example, the sensor means 151 can include a pressure switch whichemits a corresponding signal if it comes into contact with the milkingcup 120. In other embodiments, proximity switches or other means can beprovided to generate a signal depending on the relative position of themilking cup 120 with respect to the mounting 110.

FIG. 1 g schematically shows the cleaning system 100 according toanother illustrative embodiment. Here, the control means 150 is providedin the form of a vacuum control means, so that an operating vacuumcreated by a vacuum source 181 can be controlled in the milking cup 120by the control means 150 by means of valve means 152. In an illustrativeembodiment, by the means 152 in connection with the control means 150,the operating vacuum in the milking cup 120 can be activated anddeactivated depending on the positioning of the milking cup 120. Forexample, when the cleaning system 100 is operated, it is advantageous tomaintain the operating vacuum in the milking cup 120 at least during theapproach of the milking cup 120 to the system 100, so that residual milkpresent in the milking cups and in the milk lines connected thereto isnot distributed in an uncontrolled manner. When a suited position abovethe mounting 110 is achieved, the control 150 can then deactivate thevacuum so that then corresponding residual milk quantities can drain ina controlled manner and thus be disposed of. Then, the further course ofthe cleaning process in the system 100 can be run in a suited manner,for example by means of the control 150, to thus appropriately introduceone or several cleaning fluids into the milking cups 120 via thedispensing device 130.

FIG. 2 a schematically shows a milking plant 280 in which a vacuumsource 281 is designed to provide an operating vacuum required formilking. The vacuum source 281 is further connected to a milk collectingmeans 282 as well as corresponding dairy utensils 221 which in turncomprise several milking cups 220. Furthermore, a transport means 284 isprovided in the milking plant 280 which is designed to appropriatelymove the dairy utensils 211, after a milking process, to a cleaningsystem 200 to thus permit intermediate disinfection after individualmilking processes. The cleaning system 200 is designed as describedabove in connection with the cleaning system 100. Thus, the cleaningsystem 200 is designed in particular to supply two or several differentcleaning fluids by means of a dispensing device, for example thedispensing device as described above, associated to each milking cup220. In one embodiment, in the milking plant 280 a holding means 283 isfurther provided and designed such that the dairy utensils 211, i.e. inparticular the milking cups 220, are arranged such that they can beappropriately placed manually at an udder of an animal. For example, theholding means 283 can be designed such that, during the operating phasefor milking, i.e. during a milking process and during the placing andremoving of the individual milking cups 220, an essentially horizontaldirection is defined by the holding means 283, and thus also anessentially horizontal position and orientation of the milking cups 220contained therein. Furthermore, the holding means 283 can be designed toperform the process of removing the milking cups 220 in an automated orsemi-automated manner, for example by temporarily interrupting theoperating vacuum by action of an operator, so that the milking cups 220fall off and can be automatically returned by the holding means 283. Inother embodiments, the process of removing the milking cups 220 can alsobe performed manually, where the holding means 283 permits an individualremoval of the milking cups 220 and a return to the mounting 283. Afterend of a corresponding milking process, the transport means 284 canappropriately position the dairy utensils 221 above the cleaning system200 to thus permit a corresponding positioning of the milking cups 220at the cleaning positions provided for this purpose. In the embodimentwhich is shown in FIG. 2 a, the transport means 284 can be designed suchthat the holding means 283 is essentially arranged vertically above thecleaning system 200 to thus permit an introduction of the milking cups220 into the corresponding mounting 210 of the cleaning system 200.

FIG. 2 b schematically shows the milking plant 280, where the holdingmeans 283 is positioned vertically. As also described above with respectto the cleaning system 100, a corresponding vacuum control means, forexample in the form of the control 150 or the like, is provided in oneembodiment, so that at least during the positioning phase, whereresidual milk can flow out in an uncontrolled manner, the operatingvacuum is applied in the milking cup 220, so that essentially no soilingof the cleaning system 200 by residual milk outside the mounting 210 iscaused. In the phase shown in FIG. 2 b, then the operating vacuum can bedeactivated again, so that the residual milk drains into the mounting210 in a controlled manner. In other embodiments, the operating vacuumcan be maintained until the milking cups 220 are positioned in themounting 210. Furthermore, as was already described above with respectto the spray means 140 (see FIG. 1 e), during the lowering of themilking cups 220, a cleaning agent can be already applied such that thecorresponding outer surfaces of the milking cups 220 can be efficientlycleaned across the total length or at least an essentially part thereof.The lowering of the milking cups 220 can be accomplished by means of thetransport means 284 and/or the holding means 283, for example by windingoff the supply hoses for the milking cups 220 which are then positionedin the mounting 210. Subsequently, a corresponding cleaning sequence canbe performed, as illustrated above. Here, the vertical position of themilking cups can be varied, if required, during the supply of one orseveral cleaning fluids for wetting the interior of the milking cups220. In some embodiments, the milking cups 220 are subjected to anactive “dehumidification process” after one or several process steps tothus remove cleaning fluid from the milking cups 220. For this, in oneexample the transport means 284 is activated to lift the milking cups220 in the mounting 210 and to move them mechanically to therebyaccelerate the dripping off of the liquid. For this, an actuator 285that causes a suited movement of the milking cups is provided in thetransport means 284. The active “dehumidification” of the milking cups220 can, for example, be performed after each introduction of a fluidand after the desired application time, or only after predeterminedsteps. A corresponding mechanical movement can be performed for severalseconds, or if required also for a longer period. If correspondingdeflections of the milking cups 220 are too large, so that these cannotbe performed within the mounting 210 in the lifted state of the milkingcups, the transport means 284 can move to a suited “dry position” atwhich the milking cups have the required “freedom of motion”. In otherembodiments, in addition or as an alternative to the actuator 285, ameans for generating a gas flow for dehumidifying the milking cups 220can be provided, such that preferably an outgoing flow is built in themilking cup 220. For this, a fluid source can be connected to theinterior of the milking cup via the corresponding milk lines by means ofsuited controllable valve means.

Upon cleaning of the milking cups 220 on the basis of at least twodifferent cleaning fluids, the dairy utensils 221 can then be used for afurther milking process. For this, the transport means 284 in the shownembodiment can bring the holding means 283 into a suited, i.e.essentially horizontal, position, so that then the milking cups 220 areready for being placed.

As illustrated above, the cleaning system 200 can be employed in variousoperation modes, as already illustrated above, so that, for example, afurther cleaning of the dairy utensils 221 can be initiated, ifrequired, where, for example, cleaning liquid can also be introducedinto the milking cups 220 via the connecting lines of the same, whichliquid is then efficiently and in a controlled manner drained in thecleaning system 200. Moreover, in such a cleaning phase, a high liquidlevel can be generated within the mounting 210, so that efficientcleaning also of the outer surfaces of the milking cups 220 can beensured. In the intermediate disinfection as well as in other cleaningphases by means of the cleaning system 200, in some embodiments, asillustrated above, the operating vacuum can also be activated anddeactivated in a suited manner to thereby permit, in particular during afinal cleaning, efficient rinsing of all fluid connections involved. Forthis, a control means, for example the control means 150, can beprovided in the cleaning system 200, to appropriately activatecontrollable valve means for connecting the milking cups with a rinsingliquid reservoir, so that cleaning liquid can appropriately flow throughall fluid connections. Thus, any type of cleaning can be efficientlyperformed in the system 200, where in particular the simultaneousprovision of different cleaning fluids by one single dispensing devicepermits a high degree of flexibility in the performance of theintermediate disinfection. Thus, one can flexibly react to internalconditions, where, however, nevertheless the observance of legalprovisions is efficiently possible. In particular, by the supply ofdifferent cleaning fluids at one single cleaning position for theintermediate disinfection of the milking cups, there is a possibility ofachieving an improvement with respect to the efficiency of thedisinfecting effect as well as in view of the consumption of cleaningagents and with respect to the throughput, where a constant quality ofthe process is ensured to a high degree even if the process is performedmanually.

1. Cleaning system for milking cups, comprising: a mounting forreceiving at least a portion of a milking cup containing an opening forintroducing a teat, a fluid dispensing device designed to introduce afirst cleaning fluid from a first fluid source and a second cleaningfluid from a second fluid source into the opening.
 2. Cleaning systemfor milking cups according to claim 1, wherein a supply line connectedto the fluid dispensing device having a first feed line in communicationwith a first fluid source via a first valve means, and a second feedline in communication with the second fluid source via a second valvemeans, is provided.
 3. Cleaning system for milking cups according toclaim 1 or 2, wherein the fluid dispensing device comprises an outletthat can be fed by the first and by the second fluid sources. 4.Cleaning system for milking cups according to one of claims 1 to 3,wherein the fluid dispensing device comprises a first outlet that can befed by the first fluid source, and a second outlet that can be fed bythe second fluid source.
 5. Cleaning system for milking cups accordingto one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a control means designed tocontrol the supply of the first and the second cleaning fluids to thefluid dispensing device.
 6. Cleaning system for milking cups accordingto claim 5, wherein the control means is designed to cause the supply ofthe first and the second cleaning fluids in chronological sequence. 7.Cleaning system for milking cups according to claim 6, wherein thecontrol means is designed to cause the supply of the first cleaningfluid, then the supply of the second cleaning fluid, and subsequentlyagain the supply of the first cleaning fluid.
 8. Cleaning system formilking cups according to one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the controlmeans is further designed to provide a predetermined application timefor the first and/or the second cleaning fluid before the introductionof the other cleaning fluid is caused.
 9. Cleaning system for milkingcups according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the mounting is providedin a chamber designed to maintain a given fluid level at least in apredetermined operating phase.
 10. Cleaning system for milking cupsaccording to claim 9, wherein a level limiting means is provided whichis suited to limit the fluid level in the chamber to a predeterminedmaximum level.
 11. Cleaning system for milking cups according to one ofclaims 1 to 10, further comprising a fluid dehumidification meansdesigned to actively reduce the proportion of the first and/or thesecond fluid in the milking cup.
 12. Cleaning system for milking cupsaccording to claim 11, wherein the fluid dehumidification meanscomprises an actuator means designed to move the milking cup afterapplication of the first and/or the second cleaning fluid.
 13. Cleaningsystem for milking cups according to one of claim 11 or 12, wherein thefluid dehumidification means comprises a device for applying a gas flowto the milking cup.
 14. Cleaning system for milking cups according toone of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a spray means designed to wetat least an area of the outer surface of one or several milking cupswith a cleaning agent.
 15. Cleaning system for milking cups according toone of claims 1 to 14, further comprising a position sensor meansproviding a signal when the milking cup is being positioned in themounting.
 16. Cleaning system for milking cups according to one ofclaims 5 to 8 in connection with claim 15, wherein the position sensormeans is connected to the control means and the same controls the supplyof the first and/or second cleaning fluid depending on the signal. 17.Cleaning system for milking cups according to one of claims 1 to 16,further comprising a vacuum control means designed to control anoperating vacuum in the milking cup.
 18. Cleaning system for milkingcups according to claim 17 and to one of claim 15 or 16, wherein thevacuum control means is designed to control the operating pressuredepending on the signal of the position sensor means.
 19. Cleaningsystem for milking cups according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the vacuumcontrol means is designed to at least temporarily deactivate the vacuumafter the positioning of the milking cup in the mounting.
 20. Cleaningsystem for milking cups according to one of claims 1 to 19, furthercomprising a transport means designed to automatically position themilking cups in the mounting.
 21. Milking plant, comprising dairyutensils with several milking cups, a vacuum means for providing avacuum in the dairy utensils for sucking off milk, a milk collectingmeans connected to the dairy utensils and the vacuum means, and acleaning system for milking cups according to one of claims 1 to
 10. 22.Milking plant according to claim 21, further comprising a holding meansfor the milking cups designed to position the milking cups to bemanually placed for the milking process.
 23. Milking plant according toclaims 20 and 22, wherein the transport means is connected to theholding means and designed to position the holding means relative to thecleaning system after a milking process, such that the milking cups areplaced in the mounting of the cleaning system.
 24. Milking plantaccording to claims 17 and 23, wherein the vacuum control means keepsthe operating vacuum active until the milking cups are positioned in themounting.
 25. Method of cleaning milking cups, comprising: successivewetting of at least a portion of the interior of the milking cups withat least two different cleaning fluids in the same cleaning area usedfor the at least two different cleaning fluids for wetting after a firstmilking process, and using the cleaned milking cups for a second milkingprocess.
 26. Method according to claim 25, further comprising: manualplacing of the milking cups in the first and the second milkingprocesses.
 27. Method according to claim 25 or 26, wherein first a firstquantity of the first cleaning fluid, a second quantity of the secondcleaning fluid, and then a third quantity of the first cleaning fluidare used for wetting.
 28. Method according to one of claims 25 to 27,wherein the second cleaning fluid is a disinfectant.
 29. Methodaccording to one of claims 25 to 28, wherein after wetting with thefirst or the second cleaning fluid, the milking cups are subjected to anactive treatment for reducing the quantity of the first or secondcleaning fluid.
 30. Method according to claim 29, wherein the milkingcups are moved after wetting with the first or second cleaning fluid forreducing the quantity of cleaning fluid remaining in the milking cups.31. Method according to claim 29 or 30, wherein a gas flow is applied tothe milking cups.
 32. Method according to claim 28, wherein a quantityof 0.1 liter to 0.5 liter of the second cleaning fluid is used forwetting the milking cups.
 33. Method according to one of claims 25 to32, further comprising: temporary interruption of the operating vacuumin the milking cups to remove the milking cups for terminating the firstmilking process, and maintaining the operating vacuum while the milkingcups are being transported into the cleaning area.
 34. Method accordingto claim 33, further comprising: deactivating the operating vacuum fordischarging residual milk and sucking off the residual milk.
 35. Methodaccording to one of claims 25 to 34, further comprising: cleaning aportion of the outer surface of the milking cups by means of a secondfluid dispensing device.
 36. Method according to one of claims 25 to 35,wherein at least after wetting with the second cleaning fluid, apredefined application time at the given cleaning position is observedby means of automatic timing.